1810- Mexico gains independence from Spain.
1931- Italian forces hang the Libyan struggler Omar al-Mukhtar.
1959- French President Charles de Gaulle grants Algerians the right to determine their future.
1975- Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
1978- 60,000 people killed in earthquake in Iran.
1853- Albrecht Kul, a German doctor and a Noble Laureate was born.
1925- Alexander Freiman, a Russian physicist, passes away.