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1862- U.S. President Abraham Lincoln proclaims emancipation of slaves in the United States.
1944- The Battle of the Philippine Sea starts.
1948- Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo executed after being convicted by the International Military Tribunal of a war crime.
1949- Soviet Union conducts a successful test of detonating the first nuclear Soviet bomb years after the United States detonated its nuclear bomb.
1955- The opening of the world’s largest astronomical observatory in Soviet Crimea.
1960- Declaration of the independence of Mali, which was colonized by France since 1896.
1980- War between Iraq and Iran erupts.
1791- The English physicist Michael Faraday was born.
1960- Ottoman Sultan Selim I dies.
